Working
principle of AVR
The voltage regulator is
an adjustment device that controls the generator output voltage within a
specified range. Its function is to automatically control the generator voltage
and keep it constant when the rotating speed of the generator changes, so as to
prevent the generator voltage from being too high to burn out the electrical
equipment and cause the battery to overcharge. At the same time, it also
prevents the generator voltage from being too low, resulting in malfunctioning
of electrical equipment and insufficient battery charge.
Since the transmission
ratio of generator to engine is fixed, the speed of generator will change with
the change of engine speed. The power supply of generator to electric equipment
and charging to battery both require its voltage to be stable, so it is
necessary to adjust the output voltage of generator if the voltage is kept at a
certain value basically.
A synchronous generator
regulator that maintains the synchronous generator voltage at a predetermined
value or changes the terminal voltage as planned.
When the terminal
voltage and reactive power of the synchronous motor change, the output current
of the exciter is automatically controlled according to the corresponding
feedback signal to achieve the purpose of automatically regulating the terminal
voltage or reactive power of the synchronous motor.
According to the working
principle, the voltage regulator of alternator is divided into:
1.
Contact type voltage regulator
Contact type voltage
regulator was applied earlier, the regulator contact vibration frequency is
slow, there is mechanical inertia and electromagnetic inertia, voltage
regulation accuracy is low, contact is easy to generate sparks, large radio
interference, poor reliability, short life, now has been eliminated.
2.
Transistor regulator
With the development of
semiconductor technology, transistor regulator is adopted. The advantages is
high switching frequency of triode, no sparks, high adjusting precision, light
weight, small volume, long life, high reliability, small radio interference and
so on. Now it is widely used in medium and low grade car model.
3.
Ic regulator (Integrated circuit regulator)
In addition to the
advantages of the transistor regulator, the integrated circuit regulator has an
ultra-small size and is installed inside the generator (also known as a
built-in regulator), which reduces the external wiring and improves the cooling
effect. It is now widely used in Santana, Audi and other car models.
4.
Computer controlled regulator
After the total load of
the system is measured by the electric load detector, a signal is sent to the
generator computer, and then the generator voltage regulator is controlled by
the engine computer, and the magnetic field circuit is turned on and off in a
timely manner, thereby reliably ensuring the normal operation of the electrical
system, the battery is fully charged,
and can reduce engine load and improve fuel economy. Such regulators are
used on car generators such as Shanghai Buick and Guangzhou Honda.
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