Exhaust turbocharger is
actually an air compressor that increases air intake through compressed air. It
uses the inertial impulse of exhaust gas from the engine to push the turbine in
the turbine chamber, the turbine drives the coaxial impeller, the impeller
compressed the air from the air filter pipe to pressurize it into the cylinder.
The increased air pressure and density entering the cylinder can burn more
fuel, accordingly increase fuel amount and adjust engine speed, which can
increase the output power of the engine.
Turbochargers are based
on the principle of forced induction. It is the process of forcing compressed
air into the intake for combustion.
PARTS OF TURBOCHARGERS
A Turbocharger consists
of -
1.) COMPRESSOR HOUSING
2.) COMPRESSOR WHEEL
3.) BEARING
4.) OIL SEALS
5.) SHAFT
6.) TURBINE WHEEL
7.) TURBINE HOUSING
The middle part whole
part together is called a turbocharger cartridge. The compressor wheel and the
turbine wheel are connected with the shaft so that turning the turbine wheel
will turn the compressor wheel . A turbocharger is designed to rotate over a
hundred thousand rpm. An oil feed line from the engine will lubricate the shaft
and the bearing provides less friction.
WORKS WITH THE ENGINE
An engine without any
forced induction device is a naturally aspirated engine. The air is pulled in
through an air filter by the suction force of the piston. Then it get mixed
with the fuel, compressed and gets ignited. With a turbocharger introduce, the
exhaust gas from combustion turns the turbine wheel. This turns the compressor
wheel and more air is compressed and fed to the engine. Now understand what is
going in turbocharger, the exhaust gas from the engine will push the turbine
wheel and this turns the compressor wheel forcing more air into the engine.
According to Gas laws - "For a constant volume, increase in air pressure
increases its temperature". So there will be a difference in temperature
after charging. Forcing this air into the engine can reduce efficiency and
cause knocking. In order to cool this air, an inter cooler is introduced. An
inter cooler is an air to air heat exchanger device which helps to cool this
air before it enters the engine. So introducing an inter cooler into the system
will increase the charge density by cooling the air and provides volumetric
efficiency.
In conclusion a
turbocharger will provide more air to expand on combustion and produces more
power. Exhaust turbocharger is widely used in a diesel power generator.
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