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What Is Exhaust Turbocharger


Exhaust turbocharger is actually an air compressor that increases air intake through compressed air. It uses the inertial impulse of exhaust gas from the engine to push the turbine in the turbine chamber, the turbine drives the coaxial impeller, the impeller compressed the air from the air filter pipe to pressurize it into the cylinder. The increased air pressure and density entering the cylinder can burn more fuel, accordingly increase fuel amount and adjust engine speed, which can increase the output power of the engine.

Turbochargers are based on the principle of forced induction. It is the process of forcing compressed air into the intake for combustion.



PARTS OF TURBOCHARGERS

A Turbocharger consists of -

1.) COMPRESSOR HOUSING

2.) COMPRESSOR WHEEL

3.) BEARING

4.) OIL SEALS

5.) SHAFT

6.) TURBINE WHEEL

7.) TURBINE HOUSING

The middle part whole part together is called a turbocharger cartridge. The compressor wheel and the turbine wheel are connected with the shaft so that turning the turbine wheel will turn the compressor wheel . A turbocharger is designed to rotate over a hundred thousand rpm. An oil feed line from the engine will lubricate the shaft and the bearing provides less friction.

WORKS WITH THE ENGINE

An engine without any forced induction device is a naturally aspirated engine. The air is pulled in through an air filter by the suction force of the piston. Then it get mixed with the fuel, compressed and gets ignited. With a turbocharger introduce, the exhaust gas from combustion turns the turbine wheel. This turns the compressor wheel and more air is compressed and fed to the engine. Now understand what is going in turbocharger, the exhaust gas from the engine will push the turbine wheel and this turns the compressor wheel forcing more air into the engine. According to Gas laws - "For a constant volume, increase in air pressure increases its temperature". So there will be a difference in temperature after charging. Forcing this air into the engine can reduce efficiency and cause knocking. In order to cool this air, an inter cooler is introduced. An inter cooler is an air to air heat exchanger device which helps to cool this air before it enters the engine. So introducing an inter cooler into the system will increase the charge density by cooling the air and provides volumetric efficiency.

In conclusion a turbocharger will provide more air to expand on combustion and produces more power. Exhaust turbocharger is widely used in a diesel power generator.
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