Handling High Voltage
Safely
A
high-voltage installation requires two key elements to be safe: adequate
insulation according to the voltage level, and physical isolation measures to
prevent accidental contact. Of course, the installation must also meet the
National Electrical Code and any local building codes that apply.
To
ensure continuous safety, the insulation should be tested at regular intervals;
damaged insulation increases the risk of an arc fault, threatening personnel
and equipment. Also, insulation deteriorates faster when exposed to extreme
temperatures and chemical agents. Testing is performed with a device called a
megohmmeter, which applies a test voltage to insulation to measure its
performance. The difference with a conventional multimeter is that the
megohmmeter applies a much higher test voltage, which is suitable for high
insulation levels.
Transmission
and distribution lines use much higher voltages that homes and businesses,
precisely because they need to carry large amounts of power. A low-voltage
transmission line would be prohibitively expensive and very impractical,
requiring many miles of large conductors.
Voltage
is stepped up at power plants to a suitable level for transmission, and then stepped
down by substations for distribution.
Pole
transformers perform the final step down for residential and commercial use.
Industrial
users often step down the transmission voltage with their own substations, due
to their high demand for electricity.
To
achieve an installation that is both safe and efficient, the best recommendation
is getting professional electrical engineering services from the start of the
project. They can specify the most suitable voltage for every appliance and
piece of equipment, with the corresponding electrical protections.
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