Synthetic lubricating oil
Synthetic oils for use in diesel engines
are primarily blended from synthesized hydrocarbons and esters. These base oils
are manufactured by chemically reacting lower molecular weight materials to
produce a lubricant that has planned predictable properties.
Synthetic oil was developed for use in
extreme environment where the ambient temperature may be as low as -50°F[-45°C]
and extremely high engine temperatures at up to 400°F[205°C]. Under these
extreme conditions petroleum base stock lubricants (mineral oil) do not perform
satisfactorily.
Synthetic lubricating oil for use in
areas where the ambient temperature is consistently lower than -13°F[-25°C].
Synthetic lubricating oil may be used at higher ambient temperatures provided they
meet the appropriate API Service categories and viscosity grades.
Arctic operation
For engine operation in areas where the
ambient temperature is consistently below -13°F[-25°C] and where there is no
provision to keep the engine warm when it is not operating, the lubricating oil
should meet the requirements in the following table.
Table 3-4: Arctic Oil Recommendations
|
|
Parameter (Test Method)
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Specifications
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Performance
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API Classification CC/SC
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Quality Level
|
API Classification CC/CD
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Viscosity
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10,000 mPa·s Max. at 212°F[100°C]
|
Pour Point (ASTM D-97)
|
Min. of 9°F [5°C] Below the Lowest
Expected Ambient Temperature
|
Sulfated Ash Content (ASTM D-874)
|
1.85% by Weight Maximum
|
Oil meeting these requirements usually
have synthetic base stocks. SAE 5W viscosity grade synthetic oils may be used
provided they meet the minimum viscosity requirement at 212°F[100°C].
Grease
Cummins Engine Company, Inc., recommends
use of grease meeting the specifications of MIL-G-3545, excluding those of
sodium or soda soap thickeners. Conatct the lubricant supplier for grease
meeting these specifications.
TEST
|
TEST PROCEDURE
|
High-Temperature Performance
|
|
Dropping point, °F.
Bearing life, hours at 300°F
10,000rpm
|
ASTM D 2265
350min.
*FTM 331
600 min.
|
Low-Temperature Properties
|
|
Torque, GCM
Start at 0°F
Run at 0°F
|
ASTM D 1478
15,000 max
5,000 max.
|
Rust Protection and Water Resistance
|
|
Rust Test
Water resistance, %
|
ASTM D 1743
PASS
ASTM D 1264
20 max.
|
Stability
|
|
Oil separation,
30 hours @ 212°F
|
*FTM 321
5 max.
|
Penetration
|
|
Worked
|
ASTM D 217
250-300
|
Bomb Test, PSI Drop
|
|
100 Hours
500 Hours
|
ASTM D 942
10 max.
25 max.
|
Copper, Corrosion
|
*FTM 5309
Pass
|
Dirt Count, Particles/cc
|
*FTM 3005
|
25 Micron +
75 Micron +
125 Micron +
|
5,000 max.
1,000 max.
None
|
Rubber Swell
|
*FTM 3603
10 max.
|
* Federal Test Method Standard No.791a
|
|
Fuel Oil
Cummins diesel engines have been
developed to take advantage of the high energy content and generally lower cost
of No.2 Diesel Fuels. Experience has shown that a Cummins diesel engine will
also operate satisfactorily on No.1 fuels or other fuels within the following
specifications.
Recommended Fuel Oil
Properties:
|
|
Viscosity (ASTM D-445)
|
1.3 to 5.8 CentiStroke
[1.3 to 5.8 mm2 Per
Second]
At 104°F [40°C].
|
Cetane Number (ASTM D-613)
|
40 minimum except in cold weather or
in service with prolonged low loads, a higher cetane number is
desirable.
|
Sulfur Content (ASTM D-129 or 1552)
|
Not to exceed 1% by weight.
|
Water and Sediment (ASTM D-1796)
|
Not to exceed 0.1% by weight.
|
Carbon Residue (Ransbottom ASTM D-524
or D-189)
|
Not to exceed 0.25% by weight on 10%
residue.
|
Flash Point (ASTM D-93)
|
125°F [52°C] minimum.
Certain marine registries require
higher flash points.
|
Density (ASTM D-287)
|
30 to 42°F [-1 to 6°C] A.P.I. at 60°F
[16°C] (0.816 to 0.876 Sp. Gr)
|
Cloud Point (ASTM D-97)
|
10°F [-12°C] below lowest temperature
expected to operate at.
|
Active Sulfur-Copper Strip-Corrosion
(ASTM D-130)
|
Not to exceed No. 2 rating after 3
hours at 122°F [50°C].
|
Ash (ASTM D-130)
|
Not to exceed 0.02% by weight.
|
Distillation (ASTM D-86)
|
The distillation curve should be
smooth and continuous.
At least 90% of the fuel should
evaporate at less than 680°F [360°C]. All of the fuel should evaporate at
less than 725°F [385°C]。
|
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